b'Success factorsDegree of user involvementIn\x0fuence of experts/managementIn\x0fuence of usersInform Consult Involve Co-createUser participationIt is possible to distinguish four different levels of user participation in briefing processes: - Inform: Users are informed about the projects direction. Decisions are taken by experts and managers.- Consult: Users are asked to provide feedback (e.g. on draft versions of the brief and tentative decisions). Experts and managers use this feedback to make decisions.- Involve: Users are actively involved in focus/work groups where they can express ideas and concepts. Final decisions/approval must come from experts/management.- Co-create: Users are on an equal footing with experts and management. All parties work together on idea development. Decisions are based on dialogue and consensus.In most projects, user participation is mix of consultation and involvement, with the actual decision-making staying with the projects leadership92'